The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article contains details of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in professional rugby led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but said it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has placed significant attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to reach young people in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the field with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to share their story then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022